【禁聞】媒體探訪中國社會的用工荒問題

【新唐人2011年3月15日訊】每年過年後，中國沿海總會出現「用工荒」、「招工難」的問題，中共「人力資源和社會保障部」部長尹蔚民表示：中國社會「招工難」的問題反映出就業環境存在著結構性矛盾。對此，上個月底《工人日報》對數百位農民工進行問卷調查及個人採訪，深入探討中國社會缺工問題的真實原因。

《工人日報》指出，按照經濟學的常識，勞動力由供需巿場決定價格。中國經過30多年的發展，出現缺工現象意味著勞動力供給比需求小，農民工應可享受工資待遇的提升，以及保險、福利上的改善。遺憾的是，《工人日報》記者在對數百位農民工的個案採訪及問卷分析後，始終得不到這樣的答案。

報導說，近兩年來農民工的工資雖有提高，求職時也獲得了一定的選擇權，但也只有如此，他們依然得不到其他關於勞動合同、社會保險，與勞動保護等基本保障。

報導還發現，不少企業之所以招工難，可能與不簽勞動合同，工資不夠吸引人，或員工覺的不受到關愛等有關。根據國家統計局的資料顯示，近年來，農民工後備力量以每年600萬人的速度遞減，2008年以來總計減少了2000萬人。也就是農民工願意離鄉背景，投入城鎮就業巿場的人口確實越來越少了。

上個世紀60年代，日本政府在面對「用工荒」問題時，採取了「促進技術升級」和「調整產業結構」等方法，不但解決了缺工問題，也保障勞工的技術升級與福利。反觀中國這三十多年來，廉價的勞動力為組裝和加工導向的企業帶來了一定的利潤，但廣大農民工卻沒能得到技術升級與基本的勞動保障。

這不禁讓人聯想到這個月12號（三月十二號）日本宮城發生大地震後，一位中國網友（新浪微網誌，藍樂）說：日本地震避難，街上的自動販賣機、公共電話、便利商店免費，大型超市開放給民眾避難，因為日本說發展經濟是為了讓國民幸福。但是在雲南災區領取帳篷的民眾要先交押金，那一刻（中共）政府讓所有凝聚力都變成了豆腐花。

網民感嘆，不是日本太好，而是中共政府做得太差！或許這給為甚麼農民工寧願回鄉，也不願留下來工作的缺工問題，提供了一個可能的答案。

新唐人記者曾耀賢、蕭宇綜合報導。

Media Probes China』s Workers Shortage

Every year, China』s coastal cities would run into

shortage of workers after New Year. Chinese Minister

of Human Resources and Social Security, Yin Weiming,

said, China』s employment environment has structural

problems. Last month, Worker』s Daily conducted

survey on several hundreds of migrant workers

in order to investigate the real reason

of China』s worker shortage.

Worker』s Daily said, it is a common sense that

the demand on manpower determines its price.

China』s shortage of workers means the demand

is larger than the supply, which should allow

migrant workers to have a better wage,

insurance and benefits. Unfortunately,

this is not so according to the survey

conducted by Worker』s Daily.

In the past 2 years, the wages of migrant workers

somewhat increased and the job options for them

were also wider, but they still did not have any basic

protections like employment contracts,

social security and workers』 compensation.

The report said, it is difficult to get more workers,

because there is no contract, appealing wages,

or care from the employers.

Data from National Bureau of Statistics shows,

the backup force of migrant workers

reduces at a rate of 6 million per year.

Since 2008, the total number is lessened by 20 million.

Fewer and fewer people are willing to leave

their home and come to the city for jobs.

In the 1960』s, facing shortage of workers,

the Japanese government promoted

technology advancement and adjusted

the industry structure. This solved

the problem of worker shortage and guaranteed

welfare and technological upgrades for workers.

In China, however, the vast migrant workers

didn』t get much benefit or master

updated technologies in the past three decades,

although the cheap labor did bring profit

to the assembly and processing oriented industry.

After the Japanese earthquake, a Chinese netizen

said, Japan』s vending machines, phone booths,

and convenient stores provide free service

for the victims. Supermarkets open for victims

to take shelter. All this is because

the economic development in Japan

is for the wellbeing of its people.

In China』s recent Yunnan earthquake, however,

victims need to give deposit before getting a tent.

At that moment, the Chinese government has lost

all its binding power if it had any.

Netizens said, it』s not that the Japanese government

is super good, but that the Chinese government

is just doing so poorly. It perhaps explains

why migrant workers would rather go back home

than seek jobs in the city.

NTD reporters Zeng Yaoxian and Xiao Yu